1: How do run-flat tires work?

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Run-flat_tire

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tire

https://www.bridgestonetire.com/learn/tire-technology/run-flat-tires/#

Run Flat Tyres: Everything You Need to Know

https://www.national.co.uk/information/run-flat-tyres

https://blog.blackcircles.ca/en/tips-guides/how-do-self-sealing-tires-work

https://www.autotrader.ca/editorial/20171024/run-flats-vs-self-sealing-tires

https://www.cnbc.com/2019/08/05/future-tires-will-be-eco-friendly-self-repair-flats-and-change-shape.html

2: What is the difference between Celsius, Centigrade, Fahrenheit, and Kelvin?

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermodynamics

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kelvin

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Celsius

https://www.livescience.com/temperature.html

http://abyss.uoregon.edu/~js/glossary/temperature_scale.html

https://chem.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Analytical_Chemistry/Supplemental_Modules_(Analytical_Chemistry)/Quantifying_Nature/Temperature_Basics

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fahrenheit

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermodynamic_temperature

https://www.thenakedscientists.com/articles/questions/there-absolute-maximum-temperature

https://www.vox.com/2015/2/16/8031177/america-fahrenheit

Photo by Jessica Lewis 🦋 thepaintedsquare: https://www.pexels.com/photo/close-up-shot-of-thermometer-4022334/

3: What is the dark web and how does it work?

https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn/Getting_started_with_the_web/How_the_Web_works

https://www.thinkuknow.co.uk/professionals/our-views/the-dark-web

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dark_web

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Overlay_network

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Node_(networking)

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Darknet

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tor_(network)

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Onion_routing

https://www.csoonline.com/article/3249765/what-is-the-dark-web-how-to-access-it-and-what-youll-find.html

https://www.avast.com/c-what-is-an-ip-address

Image By The Tor Project, Inc. – Own work using: https://media.torproject.org/image/official-images/2011-tor-logo-flat.svg, CC BY 3.0 us, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=20851621

4: What is liquefied natural gas?

https://www.apga.org/apgamainsite/aboutus/facts/history-of-natural-gas

https://www.livescience.com/46506-states-of-matter.html

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LNG_carrier

https://www.shell.com/energy-and-innovation/natural-gas/liquefied-natural-gas-lng.html

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natural_gas

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liquefied_natural_gas

https://www.energy.gov/fecm/liquefied-natural-gas-lng

https://www.shell.com/energy-and-innovation/natural-gas/lng-for-transport.html

https://energyeducation.ca/encyclopedia/Transportation_of_liquefied_natural_gas

https://www.eia.gov/energyexplained/natural-gas/liquefied-natural-gas.php

5: What is Reuters?

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reuters

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herbert_de_Reuter

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Reuter

https://www.thomsonreuters.com/en/about-us/company-history.html

https://www.theguardian.com/media/2007/may/04/reuters.pressandpublishing

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/London_Stock_Exchange

1863.  Julius Reuter and William Siemens  and  the South-Western of Ireland Telegraph Company, Linking Cork to Crookhaven by Telegraph  and  British & Irish Magnetic Telegraph Company, Cork to Cape Clear 

https://www.thomsonreuters.com/en/about-us/trust-principles.html

Image By Reuters – Extracted from: reuters.com, Public Domain, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=75850029

6: How does superglue work?

https://www.wonderopolis.org/wonder/how-does-super-glue-work

https://home.howstuffworks.com/question695.htm

https://www.hotmelt.com/blogs/blog/what-is-cyanoacrylate-glue

https://www.sciencefocus.com/science/how-does-super-glue-work/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyanoacrylate

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monomer

https://gunthertoodys.com/1950s-inventions-superglue

https://lemelson.mit.edu/resources/harry-coover

https://www.cedesa.co.uk/who-invented-superglue

https://www.mayoclinichealthsystem.org/hometown-health/speaking-of-health/should-super-glue-be-in-your-first-aid-kit

Image By Babi Hijau – Photo taken by own, Public Domain, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=2801353

7: When did we start using fire extinguishers?

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fire_extinguisher

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potassium_carbonate

History of Fire Extinguishers

https://www.firerescue1.com/fire-products/extinguishers/articles/fire-extinguishers-the-unlikely-origin-story-mr1p5NyHncUQE5Vy

http://www.fireranger.com/history-of-the-fire-extinguisher/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_firefighting

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marcus_Licinius_Crassus

https://www.fireandsafetycentre.co.uk/blogs/news/fire-fighting-grenade-not-so-hot

https://www.mentalfloss.com/article/64498/why-you-shouldnt-use-water-extinguish-grease-fire

Image Photo by Levi Damasceno: https://www.pexels.com/photo/woman-using-fire-extinguisher-to-eliminate-fire-571252/

8: How could dinosaurs grow so big?

https://www.sciencefocus.com/nature/why-were-dinosaurs-so-big

https://www.usgs.gov/faqs/why-did-some-dinosaurs-grow-so-big

https://www.nationalgeographic.com/science/article/dinosaur-reproduction-not-ancient-gravity-made-sauropods-super-sized

https://www.thoughtco.com/why-were-dinosaurs-so-big-1092128

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elephant

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dinosaur_size

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argentinosaurus

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blue_whale

https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2020/08/200820143232.htm

https://www.britannica.com/science/cancellous-bone

https://www.theguardian.com/science/2018/jul/18/the-real-palaeo-diet-the-nutritional-value-of-dinosaur-food

Image Photo by Creative Vix: https://www.pexels.com/photo/brown-dinosaur-9753/

9: How does a battery work

https://www.science.org.au/curious/technology-future/batteries

https://www.explainthatstuff.com/batteries.html

https://www.qrg.northwestern.edu/projects/vss/docs/power/2-how-do-batteries-work.html

https://www.edinformatics.com/math_science/how-does-a-battery-work.html

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_battery

https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voltaic_pile

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zinc%E2%80%93carbon_battery

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alkaline_battery

https://www.panasonic.com/global/consumer/battery/academy/structure.html

https://van.physics.illinois.edu/qa/listing.php?id=583&t=which-way-do-the-electrons-flow-in-a-battery.

https://www.panasonic-eneloop.eu/en/news/how-do-rechargeable-batteries-work

Image Photo by mohamed abdelghaffar: https://www.pexels.com/photo/close-up-shot-of-black-and-yellow-batteries-6015268/

10: What is West Point?

https://www.westpoint.edu/about/history-of-west-point

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Military_Academy

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hudson_River_Chains

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_United_States_Military_Academy

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tadeusz_Ko%C5%9Bciuszko

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hudson_River

https://www.britannica.com/topic/United-States-Military-Academy

Military Academies

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mount_Kosciuszko

https://goarmywestpoint.com/sports/2015/7/14/ath_0714155634.aspx

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sylvanus_Thayer

https://courses.westpoint.edu/static/index.htm#t=Introduction_to_the_Redbook.htm

Image By USMA Public Affairs Office – USMA Directorate of Communications Press Kit, Current Photos, Public Domain, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=5781513

11: What is a nut?

https://www.gardeningknowhow.com/edible/nut-trees/general-nut-care/seed-vs-nut-vs-legume.htm

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nut_(fruit)

https://www.mcgill.ca/oss/article/nutrition-did-you-know/cashews-and-almonds-arent-technically-nuts-so-what-are-they

https://www.seriouseats.com/what-are-the-differences-between-nuts-and-drupes

https://www.theguardian.com/science/blog/2016/nov/10/hips-haws-and-drupes-when-is-a-nut-not-a-nut

https://www.pexels.com/photo/white-yellow-and-brown-peanut-on-clear-glass-basin-86649

https://boards.straightdope.com/t/how-do-nuts-germinate-in-the-wild/511969/10

https://88acres.com/blogs/news/water-footprint-of-seeds-vs-nuts

Image Photo by Mehran B: https://www.pexels.com/photo/white-yellow-and-brown-peanut-on-clear-glass-basin-86649/

12: What causes Alzheimer’s Disease?

https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/alzheimers-disease/causes

https://www.nia.nih.gov/health/what-causes-alzheimers-disease

https://www.nia.nih.gov/health/what-alzheimers-disease

https://www.nia.nih.gov/health/what-happens-brain-alzheimers-disease

https://www.nia.nih.gov/health/what-happens-brain-alzheimers-disease

https://www.alzheimers.gov/alzheimers-dementias/alzheimers-disease

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alzheimer%27s_disease

Photo by MART  PRODUCTION: https://www.pexels.com/photo/technology-computer-head-health-7089020/

13: Why did the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand start World War 1?

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assassination_of_Archduke_Franz_Ferdinand

https://www.history.com/news/did-franz-ferdinands-assassination-cause-world-war-i

https://www.ducksters.com/history/world_war_i/assassination_of_archduke_ferdinand.php

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_former_German_colonies

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archduke_Franz_Ferdinand_of_Austria

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_War_I

Image By Ferdinand Schmutzer – Österreichische Nationalbibliothek, Bildarchiv Austria, Inventarnr. LSCH 0029-C, Public Domain, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=18361001

14: Why did Russia sell Alaska to the United States?

https://history.state.gov/milestones/1866-1898/alaska-purchase

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alaska_Purchase

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Russia

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crimean_War#Aftermath_in_Russia

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alaska

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russian_America

https://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/why-russia-gave-alaska-americas-gateway-arctic-180962714

Photo by Edouard de Stoeckl and William H. Seward – http://www.ourdocuments.gov/doc.php?doc=41, Public Domain, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=3815513

15: How do humans make energy from food?

https://www.metabolics.com/blog/how-does-the-body-produce-energy

https://www.livestrong.com/article/444740-how-does-the-food-we-eat-actually-give-us-energy

https://healthy.kaiserpermanente.org/colorado/health-wellness/healtharticle.how-our-bodies-turn-food-into-energy

https://www.universityworldnews.com/post.php?story=20130509171737492

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adenosine_triphosphate

https://www.lion.co.jp/en/oral/role/03.htm

https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/digestive-diseases/digestive-system-how-it-works

https://www.livestrong.com/article/25939-glucose-provide-energy

Photo by Robin Stickel: https://www.pexels.com/photo/fries-and-burger-on-plate-70497/

16: How does bamboo grow so fast?

https://www.quora.com/How-can-bamboo-grow-so-fast

https://www.science-sparks.com/why-does-bamboo-grow-so-fast

https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2021/02/210201090829.htm

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bamboo

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhizome

Bamboosting growth: why does bamboo grow so fast?

https://www.sciencefocus.com/nature/speed-bamboo-plant-grow

Photo by ROMAN ODINTSOV: https://www.pexels.com/photo/photo-of-a-bamboo-forest-7907011/

17: Is Antarctica a desert?

https://www.nasa.gov/audience/forstudents/k-4/stories/nasa-knows/what-is-antarctica-k4.html

Is Antarctica a Desert or Tundra? [Desert – Here’s Why]

https://lisbdnet.com/why-is-antarctica-classified-as-a-desert

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%B6ppen_climate_classification

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ice_cap_climate

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antarctica

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polar_desert

https://www.antarctica.gov.au/about-antarctica/weather-and-climate/weather

https://www.learnz.org.nz/scienceonice144/bg-standard-f/antarctica

https://www.amnh.org/learn-teach/curriculum-collections/antarctica/extreme-winds/katabatic-winds

Photo by Pixabay: https://www.pexels.com/photo/penguins-on-ice-48814/

18: Will we lose our moon?

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moon

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giant-impact_hypothesis

https://www.theatlantic.com/science/archive/2021/09/moon-moving-away-earth/620254

https://www.forbes.com/sites/quora/2018/06/13/will-the-moon-ever-stop-drifting-away-from-earth/?sh=1aaee7f338d5

https://english.stackexchange.com/questions/326641/the-earth-vs-earth

https://www.forbes.com/sites/quora/2018/07/11/what-did-the-moon-look-like-from-earth-4-billion-years-ago/?sh=7b6548e81151

https://www.space.com/3373-earth-moon-destined-disintegrate.html

https://www.discovermagazine.com/planet-earth/the-earths-rotation-is-gradually-slowing-down

Photo by Bruno Scramgnon: https://www.pexels.com/photo/full-moon-596134/

19: When did the UK finish paying its World War 1 and 2 debts?

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_British_national_debt

https://qz.com/290183/in-2014-countries-are-still-paying-off-debt-from-world-war-one

http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/6215847.stm

https://www.bbc.com/news/business-30306579

https://www.cnbc.com/2015/03/09/uk-finally-finishes-paying-for-world-war-i.html

http://www.eastsussexww1.org.uk/cost-first-world-war/index.html

https://historyandheritage.cityofparramatta.nsw.gov.au/research-topics/world-war-two/world-war-two-financial-cost

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economic_history_of_World_War_I

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anglo-American_loan

https://www.theguardian.com/business/2014/dec/03/britains-first-world-war-debts-repaid-what-does-it-mean

The UK’s unpaid war debts to the United States, 1917-1980

https://voxeu.org/content/extraordinary-story-britain-s-early-efforts-finance-first-world-war

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/War_bond

https://www.bondvigilantes.com/insights/2010/02/what-happened-the-last-time-the-uk-defaulted

Photo by Suzy Hazelwood: https://www.pexels.com/photo/bank-notes-1791583/

20: What is a concussion?

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC155414

https://qbi.uq.edu.au/blog/2018/05/what-does-concussion-do-brain

https://www.brainfacts.org/ask-an-expert/what-happens-in-the-brain-during-and-after-a-concussion

https://www.cdc.gov/headsup/basics/concussion_whatis.html

https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/concussion/symptoms-causes/syc-20355594

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concussion

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Midbrain

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diencephalon

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cerebrospinal_fluid

https://www.brainfacts.org/diseases-and-disorders/injury/2018/what-happens-when-youre-knocked-unconscious-112018

https://www.concussionalliance.org/what-happens-to-your-brain

Photo by TUAN NGUYEN: https://www.pexels.com/photo/boxer-knocked-out-in-a-boxing-ring-11356420/

21: Why do octopuses have blue blood?

https://www.nhm.ac.uk/discover/octopuses-keep-surprising-us-here-are-eight-examples-how.html

https://animals.howstuffworks.com/animal-facts/5-animals-whose-blood-isnt-red.htm

Why do Octopus have 3 Hearts, 9 Brains, and Blue Blood? Smart Suckers!

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Octopus

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hemocyanin

https://www.amnh.org/learn-teach/curriculum-collections/deep-sea-vents/global-ocean-circulation-and-deep-sea-temperatures

https://www.rsb.org.uk/images/13_Transport_of_oxygen_in_the_blood.pdf

https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/Iron-Consumer

https://www.acs.org/content/dam/acsorg/education/resources/highschool/chemmatters/issues/best-of-chemmatters/sample-lesson-plan-the-many-colors-of-blood.pdf

Photo by Ashley Christiano: https://www.pexels.com/photo/photo-of-an-octopus-underwater-13851800/

22: Why does concrete go hard?

https://www.nachi.org/history-of-concrete.htm

http://matse1.matse.illinois.edu/concrete/prin.html

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concrete

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calcium_hydroxide

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrate

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portland_cement

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gypsum

https://www.cement.org/cement-concrete/how-concrete-is-made

Photo by Rodolfo Quirós: https://www.pexels.com/photo/selective-focus-photography-cement-2219024/

23: Why does gravity exist?

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gravitational_wave

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graviton

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gravity

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Speed_of_gravity

https://spaceplace.nasa.gov/what-is-gravity/en

https://www.sciencefocus.com/space/gravity

https://www.livescience.com/1770-greatest-mysteries-gravity.html

Photo by Anete Lusina: https://www.pexels.com/photo/careful-black-boy-catching-ball-5240424/

24: How did New Delhi become the capital of India?

https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/86-years-ago-new-delhi-took-over-as-power-capital-of-india/articleshow/57133366.cms

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Delhi

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/India

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/East_India_Company

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_Rebellion_of_1857

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Delhi_Sultanate

https://www.mapsofindia.com/on-this-day/13-february-1931-new-delhi-became-the-capital-of-india

https://www.indiatoday.in/education-today/gk-current-affairs/story/delhi-was-inaugurated-as-the-capital-of-india-308545-2016-02-13

Photo by Hakan Nural: https://www.pexels.com/photo/drone-shot-of-buildings-in-a-city-5380870/

25: When was the parachute invented?

https://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/the-first-parachutist

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parachute

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean-Pierre_Blanchard

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis-S%C3%A9bastien_Lenormand

https://www.thoughtco.com/history-of-the-parachute-1992334

http://www.parachutehistory.com/women/paulusk.html

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Cocking

https://www.quora.com/What-is-the-average-weight-of-parachute-systems

Photo by Pixabay: https://www.pexels.com/photo/man-flying-on-parachute-near-green-trees-67298/

26: How did Rasputin gain so much influence over Tsar Nicholas II of Russia?

https://www.rbth.com/history/333666-grigory-rasputins-descendants

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grigori_Rasputin

https://blog.bridgemanimages.com/blog/what-caused-the-1917-russian-revolutions

https://www.historywiz.com/historymakers/rasputin.htm

https://www.quora.com/Do-modern-day-historians-have-any-theories-how-Rasputin-was-able-to-treat-Alexis-s-hemophilia-or-at-least-how-he-was-able-to-make-it-look-like-he-was-treating-Alexis-s-hemophilia

https://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/rasputin-is-murdered

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haemophilia

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haemophilia_in_European_royalty

Image By Unknown author – [1], Public Domain, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=33993658

27: What happened to the Hindenburg?

https://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/the-hindenburg-disaster

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hindenburg_disaster

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luftschiffbau_Zeppelin

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LZ_129_Hindenburg

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hindenburg-class_airship

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferdinand_von_Zeppelin

https://www.history.com/news/hindenburg-disaster-zeppelin-crash-why

Image By Sam Shere (1905–1982) – Zeppelin-ramp de Hindenburg / Hindenburg zeppelin disaster, Public Domain, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=19329337

28: How many species of human have their been?

https://humanorigins.si.edu/evidence/human-fossils/species/ardipithecus-kadabba

https://humanorigins.si.edu/evidence/human-fossils/species/ardipithecus-ramidus

https://humanorigins.si.edu/evidence/human-fossils/species/australopithecus-afarensis

https://humanorigins.si.edu/evidence/human-fossils/species/australopithecus-africanus

https://humanorigins.si.edu/evidence/human-fossils/species/australopithecus-anamensis

https://humanorigins.si.edu/evidence/human-fossils/species/australopithecus-garhi

https://humanorigins.si.edu/evidence/human-fossils/species/australopithecus-sediba

https://humanorigins.si.edu/evidence/human-fossils/species/homo-erectus

https://humanorigins.si.edu/evidence/human-fossils/species/homo-heidelbergensis

https://humanorigins.si.edu/evidence/human-fossils/species/homo-neanderthalensis

Image By Gerbil – Own work, CC BY-SA 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=4533480

29: How do we vomit?

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vomiting

https://www.columbiatribune.com/story/lifestyle/family/2017/08/01/thrown-up-science/985640007

https://www.gohealthuc.com/library/vomiting-causes

https://www.sciencefocus.com/the-human-body/what-happens-in-my-body-when-i-vomit

http://www.vivo.colostate.edu/hbooks/pathphys/digestion/stomach/vomiting.html

https://www.reconnectwithnature.org/news-events/the-buzz/nature-curiosity-why-dont-squirrels-throw-up

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8198651

https://www.news-medical.net/health/Vomiting-Mechanism.aspx

By Rept0n1x – Own work, CC BY-SA 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=18718975

30: Where did the Stetson hat come from?

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stetson

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_B._Stetson

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cowboy_hat

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cowboy

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hacienda

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mexican%E2%80%93American_War

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boss_of_the_Plains

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bowler_hat

Image By H. J. Goetzman – Library and Archives Canada does not allow free use of its copyrighted works. See Category:Images from Library and Archives Canada., Public Domain, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=210657

31: Why are some metals not magnetic?

https://sciencing.com/magnets-effects-metals-8318872.html

https://www.thoughtco.com/magnets-and-metals-2340001

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnet

https://www.nationalgeographic.org/encyclopedia/magnetism

https://science.howstuffworks.com/magnet.htm

https://www.first4magnets.com/tech-centre-i61/information-and-articles-i70/how-does-a-magnet-work-i161

https://moviecultists.com/which-pole-is-positive-and-negative

https://sciencing.com/types-metal-attracted-magnets-5576017.html

https://byjus.com/jee/diamagnetic-materials

https://www.langleyalloys.com/knowledge-advice/what-makes-austenitic-stainless-steel-non-magnetic

32: How do pineapples grow?

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pineapple

https://www.livescience.com/44499-how-do-pineapples-grow.html

https://www.treehugger.com/do-pineapples-grow-on-trees-4864128

https://tropicalfoodgarden.com/how-do-pineapples-grow

https://www.wonderopolis.org/wonder/does-all-fruit-grow-on-trees

https://blog.aghires.com/pineapples-dont-grow-trees

https://www.answers.com/chemistry/Scientific_explanation_of_why_pineapple_have_many_eyes

33: Could Mars be terraformed?

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terraforming

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terraforming_of_Mars

http://large.stanford.edu/courses/2016/ph240/mclaughlin2/

https://mars.nasa.gov/all-about-mars/night-sky/close-approach

https://lisbdnet.com/what-is-the-air-pressure-at-the-top-of-mount-everest-in-millibars

https://www.pbs.org/exploringspace/mars/terraforming/page6.html

34: When did the Roman Empire end?

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fall_of_the_Western_Roman_Empire

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Odoacer

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roman_Empire

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constantine_the_Great

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Augustus

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Byzantine_Empire

https://www.vox.com/world/2018/6/19/17469176/roman-empire-maps-history-explained

https://www.history.com/news/ancient-roman-empire-map-julius-caesar-conquests

https://www.history.com/news/8-reasons-why-rome-fell

https://www.thoughtco.com/greek-language-in-byzantine-empire-118733

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Justinian_I

35: What started the California Gold Rush?

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/California_Gold_Rush

https://www.history.com/topics/westward-expansion/gold-rush-of-1849

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/San_Francisco

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/California

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_W._Marshall

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Sutter

https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/americanexperience/features/goldrush-california

The California Gold Rush of 1849

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samuel_Brannan

http://goldrush5421.weebly.com/the-mining-process.html

36: What is vellum?

http://www.edenworkshops.com/Vellum_&_Parchment.html

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vellum

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parchment

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pergamon

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magna_Carta

https://www.archives.gov/preservation/formats/paper-vellum.html

http://www.historyofpaper.net/paper-history/history-of-vellum/

https://apps.lib.umich.edu/papyrus-collection/ancient-writing-materials

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_writing

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_paper

37: Is it possible to make a new element?

https://www.quora.com/Is-it-possible-to-create-new-elements

Making New Elements

https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/article/make-an-element

https://www.chemistryworld.com/features/what-it-takes-to-make-a-new-element/1017677.article

https://van.physics.illinois.edu/qa/listing.php?id=15066&t=how-do-chemists-make-new-elements

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periodic_table

https://www.asbmb.org/asbmb-today/science/020721/a-brief-history-of-the-periodic-table

https://hsm.stackexchange.com/questions/8176/how-did-the-early-chemists-determine-the-atomic-weight-of-hydrogen

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proton

http://scienceline.ucsb.edu/getkey.php?key=6899

38: What was the Teapot Dome scandal?

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teapot_Dome_scandal

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Warren_G._Harding

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Marion_Star

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albert_B._Fall

https://www.history.com/topics/roaring-twenties/teapot-dome-scandal

https://www.senate.gov/about/powers-procedures/investigations/senate-investigates-the-teapot-dome-scandal.htm

39: Where did Arabic numerals come from?

Image By Tobus – Own work, CC BY-SA 4.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=78836110

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greek_numerals

https://www.cs.cas.cz/portal/AlgoMath/NumberTheory/Arithmetics/NumeralSystems/NonPositionalNumeralSystems/RomanNumerals.htm

https://wonderopolis.org/wonder/who-invented-numbers

https://www.deseret.com/2012/8/5/20505112/a-brief-history-of-numbers-and-counting-part-1-mathematics-advanced-with-civilization

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lebombo_bone

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Etruscan_numerals

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_ancient_numeral_systems

https://www.smithsonianmag.com/innovation/how-humans-invented-numbersand-how-numbers-reshaped-our-world-180962485

https://www.nature.com/articles/459646a

https://mathshistory.st-andrews.ac.uk/HistTopics/Arabic_numerals

https://mathshistory.st-andrews.ac.uk/HistTopics/Indian_numerals

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hindu%E2%80%93Arabic_numeral_system

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arabic_numerals

40: Why does UHT milk last so long?

Photo by Nothing Ahead: https://www.pexels.com/photo/shelves-with-various-milk-boxes-7451957/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_Pasteur

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pasteurization

https://www.mcgill.ca/oss/article/history-science-science-everywhere-you-asked/who-first-suggested-milk-be-pasteurized-make-it-safer-consumption

https://www.dairy.com.au/products/milk/long-life-milk

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ultra-high-temperature_processing

https://www.usdairy.com/news-articles/uht-milk-what-is-ultra-high-temperature-milk

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milk#UHT

https://www.pritchitts.com/products/milk-portions

https://www.fda.gov/food/buy-store-serve-safe-food/dangers-raw-milk-unpasteurized-milk-can-pose-serious-health-risk

https://corporate.evonik.com/en/the-discovery-of-bacteria-138063.html

https://www.dairyscience.info/index.php/food-model/277-htst-pasteurization.html

https://foodsafety.foodscience.cornell.edu/sites/foodsafety.foodscience.cornell.edu/files/shared/documents/CU-DFScience-Notes-Milk-Pasteurization-UltraP-10-10.pdf

41: Is irradiated food safe?

Image By pnl.gov, US Department of Energy – http://picturethis.pnl.gov/picturet.nsf/by+id/AMER-4VXNDP, Public Domain, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=41676891

https://www.news-medical.net/health/Radiation-Poisoning-History.aspx

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marie_Curie

https://www.mirion.com/learning-center/radiation-safety-basics/the-history-of-radiation

https://www.ift.org/news-and-publications/food-technology-magazine/issues/2009/november/columns/perspective

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samuel_Cate_Prescott

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Food_irradiation

https://www.fsis.usda.gov/food-safety/safe-food-handling-and-preparation/food-safety-basics/irradiation-and-food-safety-faq

https://www.nordion.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/10/GT_History-of-Food-Irradiation.pdf

https://www.ars.usda.gov/news-events/news/research-news/1997/backgrounder-food-irradiation

https://ccr.ucdavis.edu/food-irradiation/history-food-irradiation

https://ec.europa.eu/programmes/erasmus-plus/project-result-content/ccb7e3fc-cda5-4639-bf10-a26fb443e35c/Reasons%20to%20apply%20radiation%20and%20%20packaging%20technologies%20in%20food%20processing%20-Clara%20Silvestre.pdf

42: What makes us itch?

Photo by FOX: https://www.pexels.com/photo/brown-tabby-cat-scratching-head-1265613/

https://scienceline.ucsb.edu/getkey.php?key=5753

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Whale_louse

http://awesomeocean.com/trending-now/even-whales-need-scratch-itch-sometimes/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nociceptor

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3170689

https://www.aaaai.org/tools-for-the-public/conditions-library/allergies/what-makes-us-itch

https://www.verywellhealth.com/the-neuroscience-of-itch-2488868

https://www.healthline.com/health/why-do-we-itch

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Itch#Neurogenic

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Histamine

https://www.prevention.com/health/a29388354/what-causes-itching

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3170689

https://www.britannica.com/video/187001/chemical-process-scratching

https://www.britannica.com/story/why-do-mosquito-bites-itch

https://www.news-medical.net/health/What-Does-Histamine-Do.aspx

43: How does a rocket engine work?

Photo by Pixabay: https://www.pexels.com/photo/space-rocket-launching-73871/

https://dewwool.com/newtons-third-law-examples

https://www.khanacademy.org/science/physics/forces-newtons-laws/newtons-laws-of-motion/a/what-is-newtons-third-law

https://www.sciencelearn.org.nz/resources/390-rockets-and-thrust

https://www.funkidslive.com/learn/deep-space-high/marvellous-missions/rocket-fuels

https://science.howstuffworks.com/rocket.htm

https://www.masterclass.com/articles/what-are-the-different-types-of-rocket-fuel-learn-about-solid-and-liquid-rocket-fuel-and-how-rocket-fuel-has-changed-over-time#what-else-do-rockets-need-besides-fuel

What is rocket fuel made of?

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rocket_propellant

https://www.grc.nasa.gov/www/k-12/rocket/TRCRocket/rocket_principles.html

https://www.uu.edu/dept/physics/scienceguys/2002Sept.cfm

https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/station/expeditions/expedition30/tryanny.html

https://www.science.gov/topicpages/i/ignition+rocket+engine

https://www.explainthatstuff.com/spacerockets.html

https://www.esa.int/About_Us/ESOC/Liftoff

https://theconversation.com/a-new-era-of-spaceflight-promising-advances-in-rocket-propulsion-160396

44: Why do we get headaches?

Photo by Towfiqu barbhuiya: https://www.pexels.com/photo/man-in-blue-long-sleeves-having-a-headache-9843268/

https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/health/conditions-and-diseases/headache/headache-could-it-be-a-brain-tumor

https://www.webmd.com/migraines-headaches/migraine-aneurysm

https://training.seer.cancer.gov/anatomy/muscular/groups/head_neck.html

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tension_headache

https://www.mountsinai.org/health-library/diseases-conditions/tension-headache

https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/brain-aneurysm/symptoms-causes/syc-20361483

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=i7qFAB0a4yM&t=360s

https://www.bbc.com/future/article/20140214-why-do-we-get-headaches

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cerebral_cortex

https://www.mayoclinichealthsystem.org/hometown-health/speaking-of-health/does-caffeine-treat-or-trigger-headaches

45: When did people start using punctuation?

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Greek_manuscript_vetustissimus_Thucydides.png

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aristophanes_of_Byzantium

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Space_(punctuation)

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punctuation

https://www.britannica.com/topic/punctuation/Punctuation-in-English-since-160

https://archive.ph/20050308135347/http://www.completetranslation.com/punctuation.htm

https://www.bbc.com/culture/article/20150902-the-mysterious-origins-of-punctuation

http://www.todayifoundout.com/index.php/2016/05/origins-punctuation-marks/

46: Could nuclear fusion power the Earth?

By CRPP-EPFL, Association Suisse-Euratom – CRPP-EPFL, Association Suisse-Euratom, CC BY-SA 2.5, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=1237748

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclear_fission

https://www.forbes.com/sites/christinero/2019/11/26/the-staggering-timescales-of-nuclear-waste-disposal/?sh=5fb9091529cf

https://www.energy.gov/science/doe-explainsdeuterium-tritium-fusion-reactor-fuel

https://gizmodo.com/will-nuclear-fusion-ever-power-the-world-1848149991

https://www.energymonitor.ai/sectors/power/can-nuclear-fusion-power-the-race-to-net-zero

Why is Fusion Energy so Challenging to Achieve?

https://www.vox.com/22801265/fusion-energy-electricity-power-climate-change-research-iter

https://www.science.org/content/article/how-line-thermonuclear-reactor

47:  Why do ant bites hurt?

Photo by Egor Kamelev: https://www.pexels.com/photo/close-up-photo-of-ant-1104972/

https://www.healthline.com/health/carpenter-ant-bite#do-they-bite

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fire_ant

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Banded_sugar_ant

https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/22943-ant-bites

https://www.everydayhealth.com/bug-bites/ant-bites

https://www.millerthekiller.com/about/our-blog/ant-bites-everything-there-know-and-beyond

https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/22943-ant-bites

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ant

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Myrmecia_(ant)

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mutillidae

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paraponera_clavata

48: How big was the asteroid that killed the dinosaurs?

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7251121

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chicxulub_crater

https://www.nhm.ac.uk/discover/how-an-asteroid-caused-extinction-of-dinosaurs.html

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Chicxulub-animation.gif

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_impact_craters_on_Earth#Largest_craters_(10_Ma_or_more)

https://www.space.com/dinosaur-impactor-origin

https://tech.hindustantimes.com/tech/news/nasa-reveals-how-big-the-asteroid-that-killed-dinosaurs-destroyed-earth-actually-was-71645516189223.html

https://www.smithsonianmag.com/science-nature/what-happened-seconds-hours-weeks-after-dino-killing-asteroid-hit-earth-180960032

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cretaceous%E2%80%93Paleogene_boundary

49: How does a photocopier work?

Photo by Andrea Piacquadio: https://www.pexels.com/photo/woman-using-a-photocopier-3791246/

https://www.explainthatstuff.com/photocopier.html

https://home.howstuffworks.com/photocopier1.htm

https://ok.com.au/how-does-the-photocopier-work

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photocopier

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chester_Carlson

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photoconductivity

http://www.bu.edu/simulation/classes/505classnotes/PhotoCopier.pdf

https://www.wtamu.edu/~cbaird/sq/2014/04/01/light-has-no-mass-so-it-also-has-no-energy-according-to-einstein-but-how-can-sunlight-warm-the-earth-without-energy

https://altimate.co.ke/how-does-a-photocopier-machine-work

50: How do hummingbirds flap their wings so fast?

Photo by Djalma Paiva Armelin: https://www.pexels.com/photo/green-and-black-hummingbird-705314/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frigatebird

https://www.sciencelearn.org.nz/resources/301-wing-loading

https://www.sciencelearn.org.nz/resources/303-how-birds-fly

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giant_hummingbird

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hummingbird

https://www.nature.com/articles/nature.2011.9639

https://www.birdnature.com/why-do-hummingbirds-fly-so-fast

http://colibri-hummingbird.mns2.ca/En/Hummingbird/The-Life-Of-The-Hummingbird/Internal-Morphology/respiratory-system.html

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0960982212004770

51:  When were the first binmen / garbage men?

https://history.stackexchange.com/questions/46514/where-were-ancient-romans-supposed-to-dispose-of-their-waste-and-garbage

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_waste_management

https://www.roadrunnerwm.com/blog/history-of-garbage

https://www.fswaste.co.uk/the-history-of-waste-wagons

https://www.theguardian.com/notesandqueries/query/0,,-199543,00.html

A Brief History of Waste Management

52:  Where does space start?

Image by NASA Earth Observatory – http://eol.jsc.nasa.gov/scripts/sseop/photo.pl?mission=ISS013&roll=E&frame=54329, Public Domain, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=1722627

https://othjournal.com/2020/01/30/defining-the-line-why-the-department-of-defense-should-reconsider-united-states-space-commands-area-of-responsibility

https://www.spacefoundation.org/space_brief/international-space-law

https://commons.erau.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1052&context=stm

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%A1rm%C3%A1n_line

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Outer_space

https://www.nesdis.noaa.gov/news/where-space

https://www.nationalgeographic.com/science/article/where-is-the-edge-of-space-and-what-is-the-karman-line

https://commons.erau.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1052&context=stm

https://www.smithsonianmag.com/air-space-magazine/who-holds-the-altitude-record-for-an-airplane-141522931

  53: Where does space end?

Photo by Adam Krypel: https://www.pexels.com/photo/scenic-view-of-galaxy-in-space-6498990/

https://www.space.com/whats-beyond-universe-edge

https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smithsonian-institution/can-space-end-where-did-time-zones-come-from-more-questions-from-readers-180949452

https://theconversation.com/does-outer-space-end-or-go-on-forever-162333

https://www.space.com/24073-how-big-is-the-universe.html

https://www.forbes.com/sites/startswithabang/2020/01/25/ask-ethan-how-can-we-see-46-1-billion-light-years-away-in-a-13-8-billion-year-old-universe/?sh=155bea5f40bc

What shape is the universe?

https://www.space.com/more-universe-dimensions-for-string-theory.html

https://www.discovermagazine.com/the-sciences/taking-the-measure-of-nothing-in-the-universe

https://www.forbes.com/sites/startswithabang/2020/01/25/ask-ethan-how-can-we-see-46-1-billion-light-years-away-in-a-13-8-billion-year-old-universe/?sh=155bea5f40bc

What shape is the universe?

https://www.space.com/more-universe-dimensions-for-string-theory.html

https://www.discovermagazine.com/the-sciences/taking-the-measure-of-nothing-in-the-universe

54:  Why can we only hear certain frequencies?

Photo by Karolina Grabowska: https://www.pexels.com/photo/a-woman-s-ear-8092983/

https://www.nidcd.nih.gov/health/how-do-we-hear

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cochlea

https://www.healthyhearing.com/report/52510-Presbycusis-understanding-age-related-hearing-loss

https://animals.mom.com/can-animals-hear-noises-others-cannot-5888.html

Why Can Humans Only Hear Between 20 Hz and 20kHz?

https://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/guides/zxk6v9q/revision/8

https://www.nidcd.nih.gov/health/hearing-aids

https://www.nidcd.nih.gov/health/cochlear-implants

55: When happens when you are bitten by a venomous snake?

Photo by Anil Sharma: https://www.pexels.com/photo/close-up-photo-of-a-cobra-10472231/

https://www.nhm.ac.uk/discover/what-does-snake-venom-do-to-you.html

https://www.nationalgeographic.com/animals/reptiles/facts/snakes-1

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venomous_snake

https://theconversation.com/how-venomous-snakes-got-their-fangs-165881

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Snake_venom

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viperidae

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elapidae

https://a-z-animals.com/blog/the-4-types-of-snake-venom-and-the-one-you-want-to-avoid-most

https://theconversation.com/mortal-poison-the-story-of-how-venom-works-50964

https://www.si.edu/spotlight/antibody-initiative/antivenom

56: Why are we running out of helium?

https://www.wwu.edu/astro101/a101_sun.shtml

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrogen

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helium

https://www.thoughtco.com/will-we-run-out-of-helium-3975959

https://www.npr.org/2019/11/01/775554343/the-world-is-constantly-running-out-of-helium-heres-why-it-matters

https://medium.com/a-microbiome-scientist-at-large/science-monday-are-we-really-running-out-of-helium-c5365852cbd3

https://www.forbes.com/sites/quora/2016/01/01/why-we-are-running-out-of-helium-and-what-we-can-do-about-it/?sh=64b4fa9157ad

https://www.independent.co.uk/news/science/why-the-world-is-running-out-of-helium-2059357.html

57: How does an AED work?

Image By Cory, CC BY 2.1 jp, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=1050059

Why Is Rapid Defibrillation Important

https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/heart-arrhythmia/in-depth/automated-external-defibrillators/art-20043909

https://www.woot.com/blog/post/the-debunker-can-defibrillators-restart-a-stopped-heart

Does a Defibrillator Restart Your Heart?

https://www.fda.gov/consumers/consumer-updates/how-aeds-public-places-can-restart-hearts

https://www.heart.org/-/media/files/health-topics/answers-by-heart/what-is-an-aed.pdf

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Defibrillation

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automated_external_defibrillator

58: Why did the Olympics restart in 1896?

https://www.worldhistory.org/Olympic_Games

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coroebus_of_Elis

https://olympics.com/ioc/news/the-history-of-the-olympic-truce

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ancient_Olympic_Games

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olympia,_Greece

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elis

https://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/first-modern-olympic-games

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1896_Summer_Olympics

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pierre_de_Coubertin

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Penny_Brookes

https://www.historyextra.com/period/victorian/first-modern-olympics-olympic-games-when-where-what-happened

https://olympics.com/ioc/news/the-history-of-the-olympic-truce

  59: Is nuclear waste dangerous?

Photo by Recognize Productions: https://www.pexels.com/photo/nuclear-waste-barrels-on-a-grassy-field-7092145/

https://www.epa.gov/radtown/radioactive-waste

https://nuclear.duke-energy.com/2020/08/12/solving-the-wonderful-mystery-of-a-nuclear-start-up

https://world-nuclear.org/nuclear-essentials/how-does-a-nuclear-reactor-work.aspx

https://www.energy.gov/ne/articles/nuclear-101-how-does-nuclear-reactor-work

https://www.nrc.gov/reading-rm/basic-ref/students/science-101/what-is-an-spent-fuel.html

https://world-nuclear.org/information-library/nuclear-fuel-cycle/nuclear-wastes/radioactive-wastes-myths-and-realities.aspx

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spent_nuclear_fuel

https://cen.acs.org/environment/pollution/nuclear-waste-pilesscientists-seek-best/98/i12

https://world-nuclear.org/nuclear-essentials/what-is-nuclear-waste-and-what-do-we-do-with-it.aspx

https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/rethinking-nuclear-fuel-recycling

https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/nuclear-waste-lethal-trash-or-renewable-energy-source

https://allthingsnuclear.org/dlochbaum/nuclear-safety-temperature-calculations-wheres-jethro

https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Radioactive_Waste_Management/Spent_Nuclear_Fuel

https://www.ucsusa.org/resources/safer-storage-spent-nuclear-fuel

https://theweek.com/articles/485781/radioactive-fuel-rods-silent-threat

https://www.forbes.com/sites/christinero/2019/11/26/the-staggering-timescales-of-nuclear-waste-disposal/?sh=5d82f5c829cf

https://www.science.org/content/article/finland-built-tomb-store-nuclear-waste-can-it-survive-100000-years

https://www.nrc.gov/reading-rm/doc-collections/fact-sheets/radwaste.html

https://www.science.org/content/article/watch-how-finland-plans-store-uranium-waste-100-000-years

60: Why were the Wright brothers able to fly in 1903?

https://www.nps.gov/wrbr/learn/historyculture/thefirstflight.htm

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wright_brothers

https://airandspace.si.edu/exhibitions/wright-brothers/online/fly/1899/fundamentals.cfm

https://thebeckert3group.com/two-wright-brothers-three-reasons-for-success-teamwork-tone-tenacity

https://www.history.com/topics/inventions/wright-brothers

https://www.npr.org/2003/10/19/1469463/the-race-for-flight

https://www.intellectualventures.com/buzz/insights/failing-for-success-the-wright-brothers

https://blogs.scientificamerican.com/observations/why-did-the-wright-brothers-succeed-when-others-failed

https://www.britannica.com/topic/Wright-glider-of-1902

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_aviation

https://www.wright-brothers.org/Information_Desk/Just_the_Facts/Engines_&_Props/1903_Engine.htm

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_aluminium

61: How does an EEG (electroencephalogram) work?

CC BY-SA 2.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=845554

https://www.epsyhealth.com/seizure-epilepsy-blog/what-happens-to-the-brain-during-a-seizure

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electroencephalography

https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/health/treatment-tests-and-therapies/electroencephalogram-eeg

https://imotions.com/blog/what-is-eeg

https://www.brainfacts.org/core-concepts/how-neurons-communicate

https://neuroscientificallychallenged.com/posts/history-of-neuroscience-luigi-galvani

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luigi_Galvani

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electricity

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Browne

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/10%E2%80%9320_system_(EEG)

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Gilbert_(physician)

62:  What is virgin olive oil?

Photo by Pixabay: https://www.pexels.com/photo/bowl-being-poured-with-yellow-liquid-33783/

https://brightland.co/blogs/field-notes/olive-oil-origins

https://www.thoughtco.com/ancient-history-of-making-olive-oil-4047748

https://www.myfoodiebox.com.au/bon-appetit/the-difference-between-olive-oil-and-extra-virgin-olive-oil

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olive_oil

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olive_oil_extraction

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amurca

63: Where did the names of the continents come from?

By One or more images by AlexCovarrubias, Corticopious – Continental models.gif, Public Domain, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=17734845

https://www.etymonline.com/search?q=asia

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asia_(Roman_province)

https://education.nationalgeographic.org/resource/Continent

https://aaregistry.org/story/africa-the-naming-or-designation-of-the-continent

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_continent_name_etymologies

https://www.sahistory.org.za/article/africa-whats-name

https://www.etymonline.com/search?q=africa

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amerigo_Vespucci

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antarctica

https://www.etymonline.com/search?q=america

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_continent_name_etymologies

https://www.etymonline.com/search?q=europe

https://www.babbel.com/en/magazine/continent-etymology

https://history.howstuffworks.com/historical-events/naming-continent.htm

64: When did the Egyptian Empire start to decline?

https://www.worldhistory.org/Egyptian_Empire

https://www.history.com/topics/ancient-history/ancient-egypt

https://www.khanacademy.org/humanities/world-history/world-history-beginnings/ancient-egypt-hittites/a/egypt-article

https://www.penfield.edu/webpages/jgiotto/resources.cfm?subpage=1617942

https://www.journeytoegypt.com/en/blog/egypt-map

https://www.studentsofhistory.com/the-decline-of-egypt

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naqada_III

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Menes

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Upper_and_Lower_Egypt

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Old_Kingdom_of_Egypt

65: How tall could a skyscraper be?

Photo by Kate Trysh: https://www.pexels.com/photo/assorted-city-buildings-281502/

Who Invented Steel? The Steel Production Timeline Explained

Is there a large difference between the air pressure inside the tallest floor of a skyscraper and the the air outside?
byu/impshial inaskscience

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeddah_Tower

https://wildsafe.org/resources/ask/altitude-safety/oxygen-levels

https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2012-08-16/is-there-a-limit-to-how-tall-buildings-can-get

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Early_skyscrapers

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Home_Insurance_Building

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skyscraper

http://www.rebresearch.com/blog/how-tall-could-you-make-a-skyscraper/

https://www.bbc.com/future/article/20140530-how-high-up-can-skyscrapers-go

https://www.allthescience.org/how-tall-can-skyscrapers-be.htm

66: How does a steam engine work?

Photo By Chris Allen, CC BY-SA 2.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=3939903

https://www.thoughtco.com/steam-engines-history-1991933

https://science.howstuffworks.com/transport/engines-equipment/steam1.htm

https://www.livescience.com/44186-who-invented-the-steam-engine.html

https://antonhowes.substack.com/p/age-of-invention-the-spanish-engine

https://www.csmonitor.com/1980/1112/111256.html

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aeolipile

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Watt_steam_engine

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steam_engine

http://mi.eng.cam.ac.uk/IALego/steam.html

67: How does crop rotation work?

Photo by Tim Mossholder: https://www.pexels.com/photo/photo-of-green-field-near-mountains-974314/

https://education.nationalgeographic.org/resource/development-agriculture

https://science.jrank.org/pages/1870/Crop-Rotation-History.html

https://bioneers.org/crop-rotation-improves-soil-health-yields/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_agriculture

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crop_rotation

Crop Rotations

https://agsci.oregonstate.edu/sites/agscid7/files/coarec/attachments/may_2013_article.pdf

Cover Crops for Sustainable Crop Rotations

https://kochagronomicservices.com/knowledge-center/The-Role-of-Nitrogen-in-Crop-Production-and-How-to-Protect-It_2288.aspx

68: How long has the Sahara been a desert?

Photo by Djamel Ramdani: https://www.pexels.com/photo/view-on-a-dunes-in-a-desert-10390494/

https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2019/09/190923101924.htm

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sahara

https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.1120161

https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/1999/07/990712080500.htm

https://www.space.com/10527-earth-orbit-shaped-sahara.html

https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2016/11/161130141053.htm

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tethys_Ocean

https://www.smithsonianmag.com/science-nature/sahara-millions-years-older-thought-180952735

https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/how-the-sahara-was-born

https://ps.uci.edu/news/2017

69: Why does metal spark in a microwave oven?

Photo by cottonbro: https://www.pexels.com/photo/silver-microwave-oven-on-white-wooden-cabinet-4686822/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microwave

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microwave_oven

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cavity_magnetron

https://www.explainthatstuff.com/microwaveovens.html

https://www.livescience.com/why-metal-sparks-in-microwave.html

Why does metal spark in the microwave?
byu/cube1234567890 inaskscience

https://www.thenakedscientists.com/articles/questions/why-dont-microwaves-spark-themselves

https://science.nasa.gov/ems/02_anatomy

https://www.explainthatstuff.com/how-magnetrons-work.html

If a microwave oven door reflects microwaves, why doesn’t everything?

70: How does a refrigerator cool food?

Photo by Polina Tankilevitch: https://www.pexels.com/photo/woman-in-white-sweater-near-refrigerator-5418581/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freon

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isobutane

:]https://ww2.health.wa.gov.au/-/media/Corp/Documents/Health-for/Environmental-health/Food/PDF/Food-safety-toolkit/Factsheet/Bacteria-grow-in-the-temperature-danger-zone.pdf

https://www.materials.sandvik/en/campaigns/fridge-of-the-future/the-history-of-the-refrigerator

https://www.polyurethanes.org/en/where-is-it/refrigeration-and-freezers

https://blog.synthesia.com/en/behavior-polyurethane-systems-thermal-insulation

https://packetpushers.net/back-basics-cooling-part-1

71: How does a pressure cooker work?

Photo By Own work, CC BY-SA 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=54998

https://www.primaryconnections.org.au/themes/custom/connections/assets/SBR/data/Chem/sub/boilingcond/boilingcond.htm

https://chem.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Physical_and_Theoretical_Chemistry_Textbook_Maps/Supplemental_Modules_(Physical_and_Theoretical_Chemistry)/Physical_Properties_of_Matter/States_of_Matter/Properties_of_Liquids/Vapor_Pressure

https://chem.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Physical_and_Theoretical_Chemistry_Textbook_Maps/Supplemental_Modules_(Physical_and_Theoretical_Chemistry)/Physical_Properties_of_Matter/States_of_Matter/Phase_Transitions/Boiling

What Temperature Does Water Boil At? Boiling Point & Elevation

https://www.thespruceeats.com/boiling-points-of-water-1328760

https://www.seriouseats.com/how-pressure-cookers-work

https://www.finecooking.com/article/the-science-of-pressure-cookers

https://www.exploratorium.edu/food/pressure-cooking

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pressure_cooking

72: Why do dragonflies have four wings?

Photo by Pixabay: https://www.pexels.com/photo/red-dragonfly-on-brown-twig-66264/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beetle

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fly

https://biology.stackexchange.com/questions/92614/why-are-two-winged-animals-much-more-common-than-four-winged

https://meadowia.com/why-and-how-does-a-dragonfly-fly

https://www.smithsonianmag.com/science-nature/14-fun-facts-about-dragonflies-96882693

https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2014/11/141124074735.htm

https://www.ck12.org/c/biology/insect-flight/lesson/Insect-Flight-Advanced-BIO-ADV

https://www.si.edu/spotlight/buginfo/insect-flight

Insect Flight

https://www.animal-dynamics.com/how-do-bumblebees-fly

https://dragonflywebsite.com/dragonfly-flight.cfm

https://asknature.org/strategy/wing-structure-allows-rapid-acceleration

73: How do chemotherapy and radiation therapy work?

https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/understanding/what-is-cancer

https://science.howstuffworks.com/life/cellular-microscopic/does-body-really-replace-seven-years.htm

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK26873

Section 4: What causes mutations?

https://www.cancerresearchuk.org/about-cancer/cancer-in-general/treatment/chemotherapy/how-chemotherapy-works

https://www.cancer.net/navigating-cancer-care/how-cancer-treated/chemotherapy/what-chemotherapy

https://www.cancer.org/treatment/treatments-and-side-effects/treatment-types/chemotherapy/how-chemotherapy-drugs-work.html

https://www.healthline.com/health/radiation-vs-chemo#about-chemotherapy

74: Could penguins fly in the past?

Photo by David Selbert : https://www.pexels.com/photo/black-and-white-penguin-underwater-7873840/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penguin

https://www.nationalgeographic.com/travel/article/131320-penguin-evolution-science-flight-diving-swimming-wings

https://www.penguinsinternational.org/2020/01/07/have-penguins-ever-been-able-to-fly

https://www.wonderopolis.org/wonder/why-cant-penguins-fly

https://www.abc.net.au/science/articles/2013/05/22/3764730.htm

Why can’t penguins fly?

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Common_murre

https://sciencing.com/penguins-breathe-underwater-4566655.html

75: Why do some liquids burn and others don’t?

Photo by icon0.com: https://www.pexels.com/photo/orange-flames-wallpaper-216640/

https://www.sciencelearn.org.nz/resources/747-what-is-fire

Why do some liquid burn?

https://blink.ucsd.edu/safety/research-lab/chemical/liquids/index.html

https://www.chem.fsu.edu/chemlab/chm1020c/Lecture%207/03.php

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flammable_liquid

Is Engine Oil/Motor Oil Flammable?

https://www.ehs.iastate.edu/services/fire/flammables-combustibles

https://en.citizendium.org/wiki/Gasoline

76: Could a formula one racing car drive upside down?

Photo by Sebastian Angarita: https://www.pexels.com/photo/formula-one-car-on-a-race-track-11482791/

https://www.carthrottle.com/post/the-science-behind-somersault-crashes-and-dangerous-aero

https://afdc.energy.gov/vehicles/how-do-gasoline-cars-work

https://commons.erau.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1003&context=aiaar2sc

https://www.motorsport.com/f1/news/insiders-guide-f1-engine-rules/7221310

https://www.autosport.com/f1/news/how-much-does-an-f1-car-weigh/10246442

https://www.grc.nasa.gov/www/k-12/UEET/StudentSite/dynamicsofflight.html

https://f1chronicle.com/how-do-formula-1-cars-generate-downforce-f1-tech

https://www.autosport.com/f1/news/how-fast-is-an-f1-car-top-speeds-of-f1-indycar-motogp-and-more-4980734/4980734

https://bleacherreport.com/articles/1752888-can-a-formula-1-car-drive-upside-down

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Formula_One

How Fast Does a Formula 1 Car Have to Drive to Go Upside Down?

77: What is a central bank?

Photo by Expect Best: https://www.pexels.com/photo/buildings-with-glass-windows-351264/

https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/countries-without-central-banks

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_bank

https://www.ecb.europa.eu/ecb/educational/explainers/tell-me/html/what-is-a-central-bank.en.html

https://www.investopedia.com/terms/c/centralbank.asp

https://www.thebalance.com/what-is-a-central-bank-definition-function-and-role-3305827

https://world101.cfr.org/global-era-issues/monetary-policy-and-currencies/what-central-bank-and-what-does-it-do-you

https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/countries-without-central-banks

https://www.federalreserve.gov/data/intlsumm/current.htm

78: Why do we get hot when we exercise?

Photo by  samer daboul: https://www.pexels.com/photo/man-raising-his-right-arm-2080544/

https://www.ccmr.cornell.edu/faqs/how-does-your-body-move-does-the-brain-send-it-messages

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skeletal_muscle

https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/articles/23509-glycogen

https://www.rvc.ac.uk/research/research-centres-and-facilities/structure-and-motion/news/wildebeest-muscles-almost-three-times-more-efficient-than-a-car-engine

https://biology.stackexchange.com/questions/26138/what-causes-muscles-to-generate-heat-on-contraction

Efficiency of the Human Body

https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/319322#Calcium-stimulates-contraction

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adenosine_triphosphate

https://med.libretexts.org/Courses/Sacramento_City_College/SCC%3A_Nutri_300_(Coppola)/Text/10%3A_Physical_Fitness/10.5%3A_How_do_my_muscles_get_the_Energy_to_perform_work%3F

https://www.fsps.muni.cz/emuni/data/reader/book-4/04.html

https://www.livestrong.com/article/361702-why-does-body-temperature-increase-during-exercise

https://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/health/conditionsandtreatments/muscles

79: Why does popcorn pop?

Photo by Mo  Abrahim: https://www.pexels.com/photo/popcorn-in-ceramic-bowl-3537844/

https://www.popcorn.org/All-About-Popcorn/History-of-Popcorn

https://www.nal.usda.gov/exhibits/speccoll/exhibits/show/popcorn/how-does-popcorn-pop-

https://www.thespruceeats.com/why-does-popcorn-pop-1328691

https://www.childrensmuseum.org/blog/why-does-popcorn-pop

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Popcorn

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maize

https://education.nationalgeographic.org/resource/domestication

https://www.nola.com/entertainment_life/home_garden/article_23d9521b-e99f-5b9e-9da9-ed27b718c75f.html

https://theconversation.com/did-the-first-farmers-deliberately-domesticate-wild-plants-77434

https://www.agry.purdue.edu/ext/corn/news/timeless/Corn.html

80: Can we cover the Sahara Desert in solar panels?

Photo by Pixabay: https://www.pexels.com/photo/solar-panel-356049/

https://www.azom.com/article.aspx?ArticleID=18258

https://www.power-technology.com/analysis/featurethe-worlds-longest-power-transmission-lines-4167964

https://www.theworldcounts.com/challenges/climate-change/energy/global-energy-consumption

https://www.sws.bom.gov.au/Educational/2/1/12#:~:text=The%20power%20of%20the%20Sun,(W%2Fm2).

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sahara

Can The World Be Powered By Solar Energy Alone?

https://www.greenmatch.co.uk/blog/2014/11/how-efficient-are-solar-panels

http://large.stanford.edu/courses/2017/ph240/afshar2/

What would happen if we covered the Sahara Desert with solar panels?

https://www.forbes.com/sites/quora/2014/07/02/why-dont-we-put-solar-panels-in-the-sahara-desert-as-a-source-of-electricity/?sh=5175e1456746

81: What is the opposite of white?

Photo by Pixabay: https://www.pexels.com/photo/zebra-crossing-animals-zoo-stripes-39245/

https://astronomy.swin.edu.au/cosmos/e/electromagnetic+spectrum#:~:text=The%20electromagnetic%20spectrum%20(EMS)%20is,3%20%C3%97103%20Hz.

https://science.nasa.gov/ems/09_visiblelight

https://socratic.org/questions/when-a-red-filtered-light-is-shown-on-a-red-flower-why-does-the-leaves-look-blac

https://education.nationalgeographic.org/resource/infrared-vision

https://www.pa.uky.edu/~sciworks/light/preview/color4aa.htm

The Physics of White

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black

https://news.mit.edu/2019/blackest-black-material-cnt-0913

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photoreceptor_cell

https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/what-determines-whether-a

82: Do cyanide pills kill as quickly as in the movies?

Photo by Davide Baraldi: https://www.pexels.com/photo/glass-bottles-on-shelf-1771809/

https://emergency.cdc.gov/agent/cyanide/basics/facts.asp

https://www.health.ny.gov/environmental/emergency/chemical_terrorism/cyanide_general.htm

https://www.labroots.com/trending/videos/11035/the-science-behind-how-cyanide-kills-you

https://www.centerforhealthsecurity.org/our-work/publications/cyanide-fact-sheet

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyanide_poisoning

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyanide

https://www.wired.com/2013/04/oh-those-movie-spies-and-their-cyanide-pills

https://www.pnas.org/doi/10.1073/pnas.2108040118

83: How do fossils form?

Photo by Marcus Lange: https://www.pexels.com/photo/dinosaur-fossil-on-rough-stone-formation-3839557/

https://www.theatlantic.com/science/archive/2019/08/amber-fossil-supply-chain-has-dark-human-cost/594601

http://www.curiousmeerkat.co.uk/debunking/how-long-fossilisation-take/

https://www.americangeosciences.org/education/k5geosource/content/fossils/under-what-conditions-do-fossils-form

https://australian.museum/learn/australia-over-time/fossils/how-do-fossils-form

84: When was the penny first used?

https://www.etymonline.com/word/penny

https://www.chards.co.uk/blog/the-penny-story/375

http://www.coins-of-the-uk.co.uk/penny.html

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penny

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Denarius

The lasting legacy of the Roman denarius

https://www.nottingham.ac.uk/manuscriptsandspecialcollections/researchguidance/weightsandmeasures/money.aspx

https://www.nottingham.ac.uk/manuscriptsandspecialcollections/researchguidance/weightsandmeasures/money.aspx

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gold_penny

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_British_penny_(1714%E2%80%931901)

85: Why did the Mayan civilization collapse?

Image by CC BY-SA 2.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=289964

https://www.smithsonianmag.com/science-nature/why-did-the-mayan-civilization-collapse-a-new-study-points-to-deforestation-and-climate-change-30863026

https://www.livescience.com/why-maya-civilization-collapsed.html

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Classic_Maya_collapse

https://allthatsinteresting.com/how-did-mayans-disappear

https://science.nasa.gov/science-news/science-at-nasa/2009/06oct_maya

https://www.historymuseum.ca/cmc/exhibitions/civil/maya/mmc08eng.html

86: Why are diamonds so expensive?

https://www.mentalfloss.com/article/55447/6-surprisingly-fascinating-stockpiles

https://www.cnbc.com/2012/08/27/the-billion-dollar-business-of-diamonds-from-mining-to-retail.html

What Makes Diamonds So Valuable?

https://www.gemsociety.org/article/are-diamonds-really-rare

What Makes Diamonds So Valuable?

https://www.rarecarat.com/blog/diamond-ring-tips/why-are-diamonds-so-expensive

https://www.rockher.com/why-are-diamonds-expensive

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/De_Beers

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diamond_(gemstone)

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diamond

87: Why is PM 2.5 dangerous?

Image By Environmental Protection Agency – https://www.epa.gov/pm-pollution/particulate-matter-pm-basics, Public Domain, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=94168146

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Particulates

https://www.health.ny.gov/environmental/indoors/air/pmq_a.htm

https://www.epa.gov/pm-pollution/particulate-matter-pm-basics

https://allergyasthmanetwork.org/news/your-nose-the-ultimate-air-cleaner

https://thelogicalindian.com/environment/what-pm2-5-pollution-really-means-and-what-its-doing-to-you-and-your-kids

https://smartairfilters.com/en/blog/surgical-masks-surprisingly-effective-pm2-5

https://www.downtoearth.org.in/news/pollution/every-country-exceeds-new-pm2-5-annual-limit-set-by-who-report-82022

https://www.c40knowledgehub.org/s/article/WHO-Air-Quality-Guidelines?language=en_US

https://www.everydayhealth.com/public-health/air-pollution-is-getting-worse-see-how-bad-it-is-near-you

   88: When was the Roman forum built?

By BeBo86 – Own work, CC BY-SA 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=29318422

https://www.quora.com/Was-Romulus-a-real-person-or-a-myth

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roman_Forum

https://www.rome-museum.com/roman-forum.php

https://www.history.com/topics/ancient-rome/roman-forum

https://www.history.com/topics/ancient-rome/ancient-rome

https://romeandvaticanpass.com/en-us/blog/history-of-the-roman-forum

The Roman Forum (Forum Romanum)

89: Why do we say “boycott”?

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Boycott

https://www.historyireland.com/captain-boycott-man-and-myth

https://everything-everywhere.com/charles-cunningham-boycott

90: How much blood can you lose?

Photo by Karolina Grabowska from Pexels: https://www.pexels.com/photo/vials-of-blood-on-medical-diaper-4230623/

https://www.oneblood.org/about-donating/blood-donor-basics/what-is-blood

https://www.redcrossblood.org/donate-blood/dlp/red-blood-cells.html

Blood: Why do we have it? Where does it come from?

https://www.medicaldaily.com/breaking-point-how-much-blood-can-human-body-lose-350792

https://www.healthline.com/health/how-much-blood-can-you-lose#fainting

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK542273

https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/321122#shock-and-blood-loss

91: How does a parachute work?

Photo by Tom Fisk: https://www.pexels.com/photo/persons-in-black-and-red-parachute-in-the-sky-11124979/

https://wonderopolis.org/wonder/how-does-a-parachute-work

How Does a Parachute Work?

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terminal_velocity

https://www.twinkl.jp/teaching-wiki/air-resistance

https://www.wired.com/2013/10/do-heavier-objects-really-fall-faster

https://axis.tools/tool_Down.php

https://www.omnicalculator.com/physics/free-fall

https://www.skydivecarolina.com/blog/parachute-landings-explained

https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/constellation/ares/H10-134.html

https://www.theifod.com/can-a-mouse-survive-a-fall-from-a-high-rise

92: When was shampoo invented?

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shampoo

https://www.nykaa.com/beauty-blog/bb-time-travels-the-hair-story-of-shampoo

The Evolution of Shampoo From 1927 to Today

https://www.thebetterindia.com/180211/india-gift-shampoo-world-sake-dean-mohamed-london-history

https://www.beautyheaven.com.au/hair/history-of-shampoo

https://dustyoldthing.com/history-of-shampoo

93: How did the Black Death spread?

https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/21590-bubonic-plague

https://www.realclearscience.com/blog/2014/02/how_does_the_plague_kill_people.html

https://emergency.cdc.gov/agent/plague/faq.asp

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plague_of_Justinian

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_plague_pandemic

https://www.nationalgeographic.co.uk/history-and-civilisation/2020/04/fast-and-lethal-the-black-death-spread-more-than-a-mile-per-day

https://www.history.com/news/rats-didnt-spread-the-black-death-it-was-humans

https://www.livescience.com/worst-epidemics-and-pandemics-in-history.html

94: How did the Black Death change society?

Image By Pierart dou Tielt (fl. 1340-1360) – http://balat.kikirpa.be/photo.php?path=X004175&objnr=20049662, Public Domain, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=64384803

https://www.livescience.com/2497-black-death-changed-world.html

https://www.worldhistory.org/article/1543/effects-of-the-black-death-on-europe

https://www.theweek.co.uk/106205/how-the-black-death-changed-the-world

https://education.nationalgeographic.org/resource/protestant-reformation

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serfdom

https://www.worldhistory.org/Feudalism

95: What causes brain damage?

Photo by MART PRODUCTION: https://www.pexels.com/photo/technology-computer-head-health-7089020/

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK279302

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Persistent_vegetative_state

https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/traumatic-brain-injury/symptoms-causes/syc-20378557

https://www.healthline.com/health/brain-damage

https://www.shepherd.org/patient-programs/brain-injury/about/causes

https://www.flintrehab.com/how-does-the-brain-repair-itself-after-a-traumatic-injury

https://www.verywellhealth.com/how-does-a-stroke-cause-brain-damage-3146287

https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/health/conditions-and-diseases/bacterial-meningitis

https://www.spinalcord.com/blog/what-happens-after-a-lack-of-oxygen-to-the-brain

96: What was the Carrington Event?

Image By NASA Goddard Space Flight Center – Flickr: Magnificent CME Erupts on the Sun – August 31, CC BY 2.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=21422679

https://pwg.gsfc.nasa.gov/istp/nicky/cme-chase.html

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_wind

https://www.sciencealert.com/destructive-super-solar-storms-usually-hit-us-four-times-a-century

https://education.nationalgeographic.org/resource/sun

What are coronal mass ejections? Big burps of sun-stuff!

https://www.livescience.com/carrington-event

https://scijinks.gov/what-was-the-carrington-event

https://www.space.com/the-carrington-event

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coronal_mass_ejection

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carrington_Event

https://www.space.com/solar-flares-effects-classification-formation

97: How did the Polynesians navigate?

By HongKongHuey – originally posted to Flickr as Princess Taiping Sails with the Hokule'a in Hawaii, CC BY 2.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=11608979

https://manoa.hawaii.edu/exploringourfluidearth/node/34

https://astronomy.com/news/2017/04/the-sky-in-5-million-years

https://www.pbs.org/wayfinders/polynesian4.html

https://history.stackexchange.com/questions/19256/did-the-aborigines-of-australia-and-the-maoris-in-new-zealand-know-about-each-ot

https://www.bbc.com/travel/article/20210726-polynesias-master-voyagers-who-navigate-by-nature

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polynesians

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polynesian_navigation

https://www.learnz.org.nz/location192/bg-standard-f/polynesian-navigation

https://www.naturalnavigator.com/news/2017/10/the-difference-between-waves-and-swell/

98: What are the Crown Jewels?

By Firebrace – Own work, CC BY-SA 4.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=116459012

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crown_Jewels_of_the_United_Kingdom

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_the_Confessor

https://www.hrp.org.uk/tower-of-london/history-and-stories/the-crown-jewels/#gs.ck43hl

https://www.royal.uk/crown-jewels

https://www.thenaturalsapphirecompany.com/education/famous-sapphires/the-british-crown-jewels

99: When were credit cards invented?

Photo by Pixabay: https://www.pexels.com/photo/bank-blur-business-buy-259200/

https://www.nytimes.com/wirecutter/blog/the-first-american-credit-card-was-a-coin

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Credit_card

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diners_Club_International

https://www.bankrate.com/finance/credit-cards/the-evolution-of-credit-cards

https://www.nytimes.com/wirecutter/blog/the-first-american-credit-card-was-a-coin

https://www.forbes.com/advisor/credit-cards/history-of-credit-cards

https://www.nerdwallet.com/article/small-business/credit-card-processing-fees

https://www.moneygeek.com/credit-cards/analysis/average-credit-card-interest-rates

100: How do amphibians breathe underwater?

Photo by Siegfried Poepperl: https://www.pexels.com/photo/green-frog-on-the-water-8275236/

https://www.iowadnr.gov/About-DNR/DNR-News-Releases/ArticleID/1454/How-do-fish-breathe

https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/lungs.html

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14512270

https://a-z-animals.com/blog/can-frogs-breathe-underwater

https://www.earth.com/earthpedia-articles/how-do-amphibians-breathe

https://www.burkemuseum.org/collections-and-research/biology/herpetology/all-about-amphibians/all-about-amphibians

https://www.etymonline.com/word/amphibian

101: What is the Doppler effect?

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doppler_effect

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christian_Doppler

https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/definition/doppler-effect

https://www.uspto.gov/kids/MiddleSchool-HowWellSoundTravels.pdf

https://www.qrg.northwestern.edu/projects/vss/docs/communications/1-what-is-frequency.html

https://www.lumitex.com/blog/visible-light-spectrum

https://www.physicsclassroom.com/class/waves/Lesson-3/The-Doppler-Effect

https://www.space.com/25732-redshift-blueshift.html

102: How do reflexes work?

Photo by cottonbro: https://www.pexels.com/photo/photo-of-a-man-in-a-white-sweater-vest-catching-a-tennis-ball-5730943/

https://www.urmc.rochester.edu/encyclopedia/content.aspx?ContentTypeID=1&ContentID=562

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reflex_arc

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reflex

https://kids.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/frym.2017.00010

https://www.bbc.co.uk/science/humanbody/body/factfiles/reflexes/reflexes.shtml

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Falling_(sensation)

https://www.gclaw.com.au/news/reflexes-nar-176

https://owlcation.com/stem/Here-is-what-happens-when-you-accidentally-touch-a-hot-pot

103: When did supermarkets start?

Photo by Pixabay: https://www.pexels.com/photo/booth-branding-business-buy-264636/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_retail

https://www.bigcommerce.com/blog/retail/#what-is-retail

A Brief History of Farmers’ Markets

https://time.com/4480303/supermarkets-history

https://stacker.com/stories/3984/history-supermarket-industry-america

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piggly_Wiggly

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supermarket

https://www.10best.com/interests/food-culture/10-points-grocery-store-history-supermarkets-changed-how-we-shop

104: How does a skeleton key work?

Photo by George Becker: https://www.pexels.com/photo/black-and-grey-keys-792034/

https://art-of-lockpicking.com/warded-locks/

https://www.solidlocklocksmith.com.au/how-skeleton-key-open-lock

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skeleton_key

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Warded_lock

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pin_tumbler_lock

https://www.aboutmechanics.com/what-is-a-skeleton-key.htm

https://www.grainger.com/know-how/equipment-information/kh-types-of-door-locks

105: How does antibiotic resistance happen?

Photo by Pixabay: https://www.pexels.com/photo/thermometer-on-medical-pills-139398/

https://www.fda.gov/drugs/information-consumers-and-patients-drugs/battle-bugs-fighting-antibiotic-resistance

https://www.yourgenome.org/facts/what-is-antibiotic-resistance

https://www.cdc.gov/drugresistance/about/how-resistance-happens.html

https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/antibiotic-resistance

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antibiotic

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antimicrobial_resistance

https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/how-do-antibiotics-kill-b

https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/323388

https://cosmosmagazine.com/science/natural-selection-and-the-pressure-to-evolve

106: Why does an elastic band stretch?

Photo by Pixabay: https://www.pexels.com/photo/brown-rubber-band-39675/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quechua_people

https://www.coruba.co.uk/blog/how-is-rubber-made

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Synthetic_rubber

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natural_rubber

https://www.etymonline.com/word/rubber

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rubber_elasticity

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elastomer

https://pslc.ws/macrog/exp/rubber/sepisode/ent.htm

https://science.jrank.org/pages/2290/Elasticity-Elastomers.html

107: How are tower cranes assembled?

Photo by PhotoMIX Company: https://www.pexels.com/photo/three-yellow-and-red-tower-cranes-under-clear-blue-sky-224924/

https://science.howstuffworks.com/transport/engines-equipment/tower-crane4.htm

https://www.bigrentz.com/blog/how-cranes-work

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crane_(machine)

https://simscrane.com/how-do-cranes-get-top-skyscrapers

How Do Tower Cranes Work?

https://www.bigrentz.com/blog/biggest-cranes

How Do The Counterweights On Tower Cranes Work?

108: Where did the circus come from?

Photo by sergio  souza: https://www.pexels.com/photo/aerial-view-of-a-carnival-2039944/

http://www.todayifoundout.com/index.php/2013/10/colosseum-wasnt-finished-80-ad-games-held-circus-maximus/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Circus

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philip_Astley

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roman_circus

http://www.historyofcircus.com/

https://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/americas-big-circus-spectacular-has-long-and-cherished-history-180962621

https://www.vam.ac.uk/articles/the-story-of-circus

109: Why do we say north, east, south, and west?

https://www.etymonline.com/word/north

https://www.etymonline.com/search?q=east

https://www.etymonline.com/search?q=south

https://www.etymonline.com/search?q=west

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cardinal_direction

https://hsm.stackexchange.com/questions/8473/what-is-the-origin-of-the-four-cardinal-directions-north-east-south-and-west

https://www.terratory.org/archive-1/2016/1/16/cardinal-directions

110: When were latitude and longitude invented?

Photo by Pixabay: https://www.pexels.com/photo/close-up-of-world-map-269633/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_longitude

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Longitude

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Harrison

https://www.open.edu/openlearn/society/politics-policy-people/geography/diy-measuring-latitude-and-longitude

https://www.open.edu/openlearn/history-the-arts/history/history-science-technology-and-medicine/history-science/latitude-and-longitude

http://www.thegreenwichmeridian.org/tgm/articles.php?article=9

https://www.techtarget.com/whatis/definition/latitude-and-longitude

https://sciencing.com/read-longitude-latitude-5083052.html

https://www.latlong.net/place/empire-state-building-new-york-usa-5312.html

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/50th_parallel_north

111: Why were alarm clocks the first consumer goods to stop being rationed during World War 2?

A Rude Awakening – The History of Alarm-Clocks

https://www.atlasobscura.com/articles/a-2000year-history-of-alarm-clocks

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knocker-up

https://www.bibalex.org/SCIplanet/en/Article/Details?id=12370

112: Why can we eat lettuce and spinach, but we can’t eat leaves and grass?

Why Can’t We Eat Grass ?

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Omnivore

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cellulose

https://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/topics/znyycdm/articles/z2d2gdm

https://www.vedantu.com/biology/cellulose-in-digestion

https://www2.kenyon.edu/projects/farmschool/food/milkbio.htm

113: Why are traffic lights red, yellow, and green?

Photo by PhotoMIX Company: https://www.pexels.com/photo/traffic-lights-with-red-light-on-190448/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abbots_Ripton_rail_accident

https://history.stackexchange.com/questions/60140/did-a-fallen-out-red-signal-lens-ever-cause-a-railway-accident

https://www.thrillist.com/cars/nation/traffic-light-colors-history

https://www.edwardtufte.com/bboard/q-and-a-fetch-msg?msg_id=0000NI#:~:text=Horizontal%20signals%3A%20Red%20is%20always,tell%20green%20from%20the%20rest.

114: Why do people have different blood types?

Photo by Karolina Grabowska: https://www.pexels.com/photo/blood-samples-4047146/

https://www.oneblood.org/about-donating/blood-donor-basics/what-is-blood

https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/blood-groups

https://www.livescience.com/33528-why-blood-types-exist-compatible.html

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK2264

https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/218285

https://professionaleducation.blood.ca/en/transfusion/publications/blood-basics

115: How big would the sun be from the surface of Mercury and from the surface of Neptune?

Photo by Pixabay: https://www.pexels.com/photo/sea-of-clouds-355508/

https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/why-neptune-appears-bluer-than-its-cousin-uranus-180980186

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neptune

https://calgary.rasc.ca/sun_and_transits.htm

https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/planets/neptune/in-depth

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mercury_(planet)

116: How did the neck verse save people from being hanged in England?

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benefit_of_clergy

https://www.bl.uk/magna-carta/articles/magna-carta-and-jury-trial

https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/neck_verse

Education can save your life – the story of the Neck Verse

117: Why are steam burns worse than boiling water burns?

Photo by BARAA CHRAITEH: https://www.pexels.com/photo/close-up-photo-of-hot-kettle-10758898/

https://www.verywellhealth.com/steam-burns-overview-4507433

Why steam burns are more dangerous than water burns?

https://www.mitchelllawcorp.com/blog/2018/11/why-steam-burns-can-be-worse-than-water-burns/

http://www.kentchemistry.com/links/Energy/HeatVaporization.htm

https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/medicine-and-dentistry/thermal-injury

https://tuttnauer.com/blog/autoclave-sterilization/basic-concepts-of-steam

https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/264783#_noHeaderPrefixedContent

118: How much maple tree sap do you need to make 1 liter of maple syrup?

https://reeis.usda.gov/web/crisprojectpages/1000464-long-term-effects-of-sap-extraction-on-sugar-maple-growth-and-health.html

https://employees.csbsju.edu/ssaupe/biol327/Lab/maple/maple-sap.htm

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maple_syrup

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sap

https://wonderopolis.org/wonder/how-do-trees-make-sap

https://www.ehow.com/facts_7873563_do-maple-trees-produce-sap.html

https://www.portland.gov/trees/get-involved/news/2021/3/30/tree-physiology-primer-all-about-roots

119: Why is New York called New York?

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_City

https://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/new-amsterdam-becomes-new-york

https://www.newyorker.com/books/page-turner/how-new-york-was-named

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lenape

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Amsterdam

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter_Stuyvesant

https://www.historytoday.com/archive/new-amsterdam-surrendered-english

120: How long have humans been using rope?

Photo by Susanne Jutzeler, suju-foto : https://www.pexels.com/photo/orange-rope-wrapped-brown-wood-log-1139748/

http://www.madehow.com/Volume-2/Rope.html

https://solar.lowtechmagazine.com/2010/06/lost-knowledge-ropes-and-knots.html

https://www.uibk.ac.at/archaeologien/forschung/arbeitsgemeinschaften/abt/spindeltypologie/seilherstellung/seilherstellung_aegypten.html.en

https://www.streetdirectory.com/travel_guide/31273/home_accessories/history_of_the_rope.html

https://ropeandcord.com/guides-ideas/the-invention-of-rope

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ropewalk

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rope

The history of rope making

121: When did the last woolly mammoth disappear?

Image By Thomas Quine – https://www.flickr.com/photos/quinet/44598416660/, CC BY 2.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=80400437

https://www.science.org/content/article/last-lonely-woolly-mammoths-faced-genomic-meltdown

https://www.livescience.com/woolly-mammoth-genetic-problems.html

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Woolly_mammoth

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wrangel_Island

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4439331

https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2019/10/191007081750.htm

https://www.cdm.org/mammothdiscovery/wheniceages.html

122: How does a smoke detector work?

Image By Tumi-1983 – Own work, CC BY-SA 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=2944685

https://www.nfpa.org/Public-Education/Staying-safe/Safety-equipment/Smoke-alarms/Ionization-vs-photoelectric

https://www.nist.gov/how-do-you-measure-it/how-do-smoke-detectors-work

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Americium-241

http://resources.schoolscience.co.uk/Corus/14-16/rad/psch5pg2.html

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smoke_detector

https://www.medstarhealth.org/blog/smoke-inhalation-fires-quiet-killer

123: Does ABS reduce fatalities in car accidents?

Photo by Ivan Kazlouski: https://www.pexels.com/photo/close-up-photo-of-a-rim-12152871/

https://www.montlick.com/montlick-blog/auto-accidents/688-do-abs-brake-systems-really-reduce-auto-accident-risks

https://www.consumerreports.org/cro/news/2009/08/government-study-confirms-abs-effectiveness-but-mysteries-linger/index.htm

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronic_stability_control

https://crashstats.nhtsa.dot.gov/Api/Public/ViewPublication/811182

https://www.icbc.com/partners/driver-training/Documents/ts274w.pdf

https://www.motortrend.com/features/automatic-emergency-braking

124: Why does a chicken’s head stay perfectly still when you move its body around?

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vestibulo%E2%80%93ocular_reflex

https://www.fresheggsdaily.blog/2018/07/why-do-chickens-bob-their-heads-when.html

https://www.homesteadfowl.com/chicken-facts/can-chickens-move-their-eyes

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bird_vision

125: When did people start wearing wristwatches?

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_watches

https://www.nytimes.com/2013/10/23/fashion/wrist-watches-from-battlefield-to-fashion-accessory.html

https://www.theatlantic.com/international/archive/2015/05/history-wristwatch-apple-watch/391424

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mainspring

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pocket_watch

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balance_wheel

https://initium.swiss/en/blog/how-a-manual-watch-movement-works