How quickly does a river cut through rock? It depends on the type of rock, the material the water is carrying, the amount of water, the speed of the water, and the acidity of the water. This is not a simple question. When we think about the erosive power of water we often think of […]
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What was Antarctica like before the snow? Before it froze, Antarctica was a tropical forest with large trees and a lot of wildlife. First, we need to settle the difference between the Antarctic and the Arctic. It can be difficult to remember which is which, at least for me. It gets easier when you learn
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What is a megalopolis? There is no specific number of people, but it is an extremely large group of cities that are joined together by their transport, economy, resources, and other things. The number of megalopolises is increasing year by year as more and more people move into urban areas. A city that has over
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What is a failed state? It is a state that can no longer control its own security and does not have control over its territory, borders, economy, and people. The expression “failed state” hasn’t been used since 2014 because it has the nuance that a state cannot be saved. The correct expression is “Fragile State”.
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What is asbestos? Asbestos is a material made of lots of mineral fibers. It can be woven into shapes and it is fire-resistant. Asbestos is a natural mineral that is mined and then processed. There are six different types of asbestos, and they are divided into two categories: amphibole and serpentine. The fibers in the
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How deep is the desert? Depending on the desert, the sand is between 1 m and 43 m deep. Although, if you count to the top of the largest sand dunes, they could be several hundred meters deep. Also, if we are talking about deserts and not just sandy deserts, the ice on Antarctica is
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Why is there an obelisk in Rome? There is more than one and the Romans took them from Egypt as a show of power. During the Roman Empire, 50 obelisks were taken from Egypt and 13 of those survive today. 8 of those 13 were made in Ancient Egypt and the other 5 were commissioned
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What are El Nino and La Nina? They are climate patterns that happen in the Pacific Ocean and affect weather all over the world. El Nino means “Little Boy” and La Nina means All of the climate in the world is connected and changes in one place can lead to climate events in other places.
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What happened to the Aral Sea? The Soviet Union diverted the rivers that fed it in the 1960s and it has almost completely dried up. The Aral Sea was located between Kazakhstan in the north and Uzbekistan in the south. It formed between 23 and 2.3 million years ago. It was a fairly shallow lake,
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What is St. Elmo’s fire? It is a glowing region that appears around tall structures, the masts of old ships, or the wings of aircraft. It is a plasma made by a corona discharge from the structure. St. Elmo’s fire looks like a blue or violet fire that has engulfed the tip of whatever structure
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